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Trade Secrets
Fierce competition epitomizes today's global business environment. Companies strive to maintain every possible competitive advantage over their competitors. Similarly, they seek to ensure the maximum return from their investments -- whether in new products, new customers, or employee training. Related articles on Trade Secrets The loss of any of those advantages, no matter how small, can have real consequences to a company's bottom line. Today, an employer's competitive edge increasingly consists of "intellectual property" -- that is, technical know-how, customer lists, and other intangibles. Fortunately, well-counseled employers can minimize the extent of the loss by taking preventive actions. Restrictive covenants and confidentiality provisionsRestrictive covenants and confidentiality provisions generally provide the most effective means to protect those important advantages and investments. Restrictive covenants can encompass a number of different types of restrictions from noncompetition agreements to nonsolicitation agreements to antiraiding provisions. Further protectionMost states have enacted statutory protections for trade secrets (some states continue to recognize common-law trade secret claims in addition to the statutory claims, while other states find the common-law claims preempted by the statutory claims). The statutory language may vary depending on the state, but the protections generally are similar across states. Not all confidential information rises to the level of a trade secret, but many laws define "trade secret" broadly to include formulas, customer lists, financial information, and manufacturing processes. Likewise, most statutes don't require that companies take the best effort to maintain secrecy -- which often would be a restrictive covenant or confidentiality agreement -- but instead require only "reasonable" efforts under the circumstances. That means that at a minimum, access is limited to those within the organization with a "need to know" and the employer made other reasonable efforts to maintain the information’s confidentiality. If a company can establish the statutory elements, most trade-secret statutes will allow for both monetary damages and injunctive relief. Depending on the situation, it may or may not result in a former employee being barred from working for a competitor. Bottom lineThe lack of contract protections doesn't leave a company defenseless, particularly if a former employee or a competitor has engaged in bad behavior. If a company believes that a former employee's employment with a competitor will result in the loss of confidential information and/or investments and a corresponding harm to the company, it should carefully review the situation and consult with an attorney.
Related articles on Trade Secrets from the State Employment Law Letters
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